How Many Years Does It Take to Become a Nurse in Nigeria? In Nigeria, nursing remains a cornerstone of the national healthcare system—an essential workforce caring for a population exceeding 200 million amid frequent health emergencies, maternal challenges, and an ever-rising demand for skilled caregivers.
Yet, the sector faces a mounting crisis: more than 15,000 nurses emigrated in 2023 alone, driven by low pay, limited resources, and poor working conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates a national shortfall of over 250,000 nurses, creating both a challenge and an opportunity for aspiring professionals.
Despite the hurdles, nursing continues to offer career stability, competitive entry-level salaries (₦100,000–₦200,000 monthly), and the profound satisfaction of saving lives.
Overview of Nursing Education in Nigeria
Nursing education in Nigeria is regulated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (NMCN)—established in 1979 to set professional standards, accredit institutions, and license practitioners.
There are two main routes to becoming a Registered Nurse (RN):
- Diploma Route (School of Nursing) – A 3-year, hospital-based program leading to an RN certificate. It offers a faster entry into the workforce with a strong practical focus.
- Degree Route (University) – A 5-year academic pathway culminating in a Bachelor of Nursing Science (BNSc) and RN qualification. Direct entry students—those already holding an RN or midwifery certificate—typically complete the program in 4 years.
After graduation, every nurse must pass the NMCN Professional Qualifying Examination to receive a practice license.
| Pathway | Duration | Qualification | Entry Requirements | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| School of Nursing (Diploma) | 3 years | RN Certificate | 5 O’Level credits in English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Physics (≤2 sittings); Age ≥16 | Quick workforce entry; hands-on practice |
| University (BNSc) | 5 years (4 for direct entry) | BNSc + RN | Same as above + JAMB score (≥160–200, varies by school) | Advanced roles, research, higher pay |
| Post-Basic Specialization | 1–2 years | RM, Public Health, etc. | RN certification | Professional specialization (e.g. midwifery) |
Diploma Route: Three Years to RN Certification
For many Nigerians, a School of Nursing provides the most accessible path into the profession. These schools—often attached to teaching hospitals—emphasize clinical skills and real-world experience. Students typically spend 50–60% of their time in hospital rotations across pediatrics, surgery, and community health.
Admission Requirements:
- Academics: Five credits in English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics (WAEC, NECO, or NABTEB) in not more than two sittings.
- Age: Minimum of 16 years.
- Entrance Exams: Most schools conduct written and oral entrance tests; some now require JAMB scores (100–150 cut-off).
- Application Fees: ₦5,000–₦15,000, with forms usually available between January and March for September intakes.
Curriculum Overview:
- Year 1: Foundational sciences and basic nursing techniques.
- Year 2: Intermediate practice in medical, surgical, and pediatric care.
- Year 3: Intensive clinical rotations, community postings, and final exams.
Graduates sit for the NMCN Professional Exam—a written, oral, and practical assessment—with a national pass rate of roughly 70%.
Leading Schools Include:
- School of Nursing, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH): Integrated RN + RM program, ₦150,000–₦200,000 per year.
- Ogun State College of Nursing Sciences, Abeokuta: Three-year diploma with strong midwifery emphasis.
- UCH Ibadan School of Nursing: Highly competitive, 3-year program.
Over 100 accredited schools operate nationwide, according to the NMCN’s 2025 list.
University Route: Five Years to BNSc and Beyond
The university pathway combines clinical training with a strong academic foundation in research, leadership, and health policy. It’s ideal for students seeking broader career opportunities—both locally and internationally.
Admission Requirements:
- UTME Entry: JAMB score between 180–250, plus post-UTME screening.
- Direct Entry: RN/RM certificate or A-Level qualifications for 200-level admission (4-year track).
- O’Level: Same five core subjects as the diploma route.
- Age: Minimum of 16 years.
Program Structure:
- Years 1–2: Core sciences (anatomy, physiology, microbiology).
- Years 3–4: Nursing theory, medical-surgical practice, and 8-week clinical postings each semester.
- Year 5: Specializations, research projects, and final professional qualifying exams.
Top Universities Offering BNSc:
- University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) – 5-year program; ₦50,000–₦100,000 annually.
- University of Ibadan (UI) – Renowned for research and public health focus.
- Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria – Offers online/direct-entry options.
- Babcock University – Private institution with a holistic 5-year curriculum.
Licensing and Registration
To practice legally, graduates must register with the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria, a process taking 6–18 months.
Steps include:
- Submitting transcripts and exam results.
- Passing the NMCN qualifying examination.
- Paying registration fees (₦20,000–₦50,000).
- Attending an oath-taking ceremony.
Foreign-trained nurses must complete a one-year adaptation program before full licensure. Practicing nurses are also required to renew their license annually (₦5,000+).
Challenges Facing Nursing Education
- High Competition: Rising JAMB cut-offs and limited school capacity.
- Financial Burden: ₦200,000–₦500,000 for diploma programs; ₦300,000–₦2 million for degree routes (especially private universities).
- Infrastructure Gaps: Shortages of training equipment and overcrowded classrooms.
- Brain Drain: Skilled nurses continue to seek opportunities abroad.
- Post-COVID Adjustments: Transition to hybrid learning has revealed the need for better e-learning tools.
Despite these obstacles, digital universities like Miva Open University and NOUN now offer flexible BNSc programs for working professionals.
Career Opportunities and Growth
Entry-level registered nurses earn between ₦100,000 and ₦250,000 monthly, with potential to exceed ₦500,000 through specialization or experience. Career paths include hospital practice, public health, education, research, and humanitarian work.
Further Advancement Options:
- Post-Basic Programs (1–2 years): Midwifery, Perioperative Nursing, or Public Health.
- Master’s/PhD (1–3 years): For leadership, academic, or policy roles.
As Nigeria pushes toward Universal Health Coverage by 2030, nurses remain at the heart of this goal—providing not only care but leadership in public health innovation.
Conclusion
Becoming a nurse in Nigeria can take three years through a diploma program or five years through a university degree. Both paths demand academic discipline, emotional resilience, and a lifelong commitment to learning. Whether your goal is to serve locally or practice internationally, the journey begins with a single decision—to care.
For accredited schools, exam updates, and licensing details, visit nmcn.gov.ng.
