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Most Nigerian food products are increasingly ultra-processed and engineered for addiction, contributing to rising health crises. Experts warn of a profit-driven system where nutrition takes a backseat.
A Crisis on Our Plates
Walk into any supermarket, local shop, or buka in Nigeria, and you’ll find yourself surrounded by an array of brightly packaged food products. Many of these are not food in the traditional sense but highly processed, nutrient-deficient substances loaded with additives. These products—instant noodles, sugary drinks, processed meats, snacks, and flavored biscuits—are designed to taste great but do little for our health.
Shockingly, more than 60% of calories consumed by the average Nigerian come from processed and ultra-processed foods (UPFs), according to research from global nutrition studies. These foods contain harmful additives: trans fats, artificial colors, sweeteners, emulsifiers, and preservatives. Their production is often driven by profit, with little regard for health consequences.
The result? Nigeria is grappling with a rising tide of health issues, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic illnesses, which experts link directly to the consumption of these processed foods.
What Exactly Are Ultra-Processed Foods?
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are industrial formulations made from substances extracted or derived from food, often with little to no whole food content. Think instant noodles, sugary sodas, flavored chips, or those “fruit juices” with no actual fruit. These products are loaded with sugar, salt, and fat to make them addictive.
What they lack, however, are the essential nutrients—fiber, protein, and vitamins—that our bodies need to thrive. Instead of nourishing, they disrupt our health, contributing to a cycle of overeating and dependency.
The Alarming Health Effects
Numerous studies have highlighted the dangers of ultra-processed foods. In Nigeria, where awareness of food health issues remains low, these products are contributing to a silent epidemic. Here’s what the research says:
- Obesity: Ultra-processed foods are calorie-dense but low in satiety, leading to overeating. The rising prevalence of obesity, particularly among urban Nigerians, is a direct consequence.
- Diabetes and Hypertension: With high sugar and salt content, UPFs contribute to type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure—two leading causes of death in Nigeria.
- Mental Health: Studies have linked excessive UPF consumption to anxiety, depression, and reduced cognitive performance.
- Chronic Diseases: From cancer to cardiovascular diseases, the long-term consumption of processed foods significantly increases the risk of life-threatening illnesses.
For instance, the University College Hospital (UCH) in Ibadan has reported a sharp increase in cases of lifestyle diseases directly linked to poor dietary habits.
The Marketing Deception
In Nigeria, marketing campaigns for ultra-processed foods target children and low-income families. Through flashy packaging, celebrity endorsements, and misleading claims such as “fortified with vitamins” or “healthy for kids,” corporations manipulate consumers into thinking these products are beneficial.
Take, for example, the widespread advertising of sugary beverages and instant noodles. These products are marketed as quick, affordable meals, yet their health costs far outweigh their convenience. Children are particularly vulnerable, as these foods are often strategically placed at eye level in supermarkets, with cartoon mascots and giveaways to attract young buyers.
Why This Problem Persists in Nigeria
The Nigerian food industry lacks stringent regulations to control harmful additives and misleading food labels. Unlike the European Union, which has banned certain additives and mandates clear food labeling, Nigerian regulators have been slow to act.
A recent study conducted by the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) revealed that 80% of processed foods in Nigerian markets contained unhealthy levels of trans fats and artificial additives. Yet, many of these products continue to flood supermarket shelves unchecked.
Furthermore, the economic situation in the country has pushed many households towards cheaper, processed food options over fresh and organic produce. The high cost of living makes these ultra-processed foods an attractive option despite their health implications.
Breaking Free from the UPF Trap
So, what can we do to reclaim our health? Here are some actionable steps:
- Eat Local and Fresh: Embrace Nigeria’s rich agricultural produce. Fresh fruits, vegetables, unprocessed grains, and traditional dishes like ewedu, egusi, and unprocessed yam are far healthier than packaged alternatives.
- Read Labels: Learn to decipher food labels. Avoid products with long ingredient lists, especially those containing artificial additives, trans fats, or excessive sugar.
- Support Local Farmers: Buying directly from farmers or local markets not only ensures you get fresh produce but also supports Nigeria’s agricultural economy.
- Educate Yourself and Others: Spread awareness about the dangers of ultra-processed foods. Encourage family and friends to prioritize health over convenience.
- Advocate for Change: Push for stricter food regulations in Nigeria. Advocate for clearer food labels and the banning of harmful additives.
A Call to Action
Nigeria is at a critical juncture. If we continue down this path of high UPF consumption, the health consequences will be catastrophic. It’s time for individuals, families, and policymakers to prioritize fresh, whole foods over processed alternatives.
Remember, food is not just sustenance—it’s medicine. What we put on our plates today determines our health tomorrow.
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